Static Voltage Stability Analysis In Power Systems Engineering Essay

Static Voltage Stability Analysis In Power Systems Engineering Essay Voltage solidness, one of the key parts of intensity framework dependability, has been the principle explanation behind a large number of significant force framework power outage occurrences in the course of the most recent couple of decades. It is recognized generally that voltage soundness is and will stay a test in the 21st century, even prone to increment in significance. Hence a superior comprehension of voltage steadiness in power frameworks is vital for power engineers, who may partake in the arranging, structuring, and activity of present day power frameworks. This report discusses an important building postulation venture: Static Voltage Stability Analysis in Power Systems, which is done for 2 semesters from July 2009 to June 2010. The point of this proposition venture is to direct a progressively far reaching concentrate into the hypothesis of static voltage security, and explore another methodology for power stream investigation: 3-measurement P-Q-V bend. As a matter of first importance, the essential information on static voltage solidness is looked into, and examination on a basic force framework, outspread framework, is done including power stream study, P-V and Q-V bend investigation. In light of the 2-measurement P-V and Q-V plotting, the relationship of P, Q, and V is contemplated and another strategy for static voltage strength examination is attempted: P-Q-V bend. The second piece of this undertaking centers around the examination of WSCC three-generator-nine-transport framework. Recreation of the framework is brought through by methods for UWPFLOW and POWERWORLD. Direct force stream technique and continuation power stream strategy are applied and the most vulnerable transport is contemplated. To wrap things up, bends are gotten and results are examined. Watchwords: Static Voltage Stability; Radial System; Power Flow Method; Continuation Power Flow Method; P-V Curve; Q-V Curve; P-Q-V Curve. Substance à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ«Å" à ¨Ã¢ ¦Ã¢  I Dynamic ii Substance iv Part 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Part 2 POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY 8 Part 3 STATIC VOLTAGE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTARY POWER SYSTEM 11 Part 4 STATIC VOLTAGE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF WSCC NINE-BUS SYSTEM 26 Part 5 CONCLUSION 39 REFERENCES 41 Affirmations 43 Informative supplement A MATLAB CODES FOR FIGURE 3.8 44 Informative supplement B MATLAB CODES FOR FIGURE 4.2 46 Informative supplement C MATLAB CODES FOR FIGURE 4.3 47 Informative supplement D MATLAB CODES FOR FIGURE 4.4 48 Informative supplement E MATLAB CODES FOR FIGURE 4.5 49 Informative supplement F MATLAB CODES FOR FIGURE 4.6 50 Informative supplement G MATLAB CODES FOR FIGURE 4.7 51 Informative supplement H DATA OF WSCC NINE-BUS SYSTEM 52 Part 1 INTRODUCTION An Overview of Modern Power System A force framework is a system of transmitters and gadgets which permits electrical vitality to be moved from the creating power stations to stack focuses through transmission arrange. Since the principal electric system in the United States was set up at the Pearl Street Station in New York City by Thomas Edison in 1882 [1], power frameworks have been encountering over 100 years advancement and improvement. These days, current force framework has created to be a complex interconnected system, which can be partitioned into four sections: Age Private and freely claimed generators produce the power that takes care of into high voltage frameworks. Transmission High voltage transmission networks transport power from producing units at different areas to dissemination frameworks which at last gracefully the heap. Conveyance Conveyance frameworks convey the force from neighborhood mass flexibly focuses to the shoppers administration entrance types of gear. Burdens Heaps of intensity frameworks are made out of mechanical, business, and private burden. Figure 1.1 Modern Power System [2] Force System Stability A force framework is supposed to be steady on the off chance that it has the property that it holds a condition of harmony under ordinary working conditions and recovers a satisfactory condition of balance in the wake of being exposed to an aggravation. Of all the perplexing marvels on power framework, power framework steadiness is the most unpredictable to comprehend and testing to investigate [3]. Harm to control framework security may make the framework power outage or breakdown just as other calamitous episodes, prompting huge social and financial misfortunes. Arrangement of Power System Stability In light of the frameworks various properties, organize structures and activity modes, the framework insecurity can carry on from multiple points of view. Likewise power framework soundness study is separated for the most part into three fields: edge security, recurrence solidness and voltage strength. The graph underneath shows outwardly the order of intensity framework solidness. Figure 1.2 Classification of Power System Stability History of Study on Power System Stability At first, precise solidness was right off the bat focused on and concentrated since power transmission ability had generally been constrained by either rotor edge (coordinated) strength or by warm stacking capacity. What's more, the power outage issues had been related with transient steadiness, which were lessened by quick short out clearing, ground-breaking excitation frameworks and differs extraordinary solidness controls [3]. At the end of the day, these days the hypothesis and strategies on rakish dependability are moderately increasingly complete. In the interim, concentrate on voltage security had been very moderate, which for the most part ascribed to two reasons: Occurrences brought about by voltage unsteadiness or voltage breakdown happened moderately late, not until which peopled focused on voltage shakiness issues. Comprehension of voltage precariousness was not all that significant as different sorts of unsteadiness issues in the good 'ol days. Changes of issues emerged during the examination on voltage strength, for example, load-based demonstrating, dynamic practices of various parts just as their connection, etc. Review of Power System Voltage Stability Voltage Instability Incidents in the World Force framework voltage soundness was right off the bat presented in 1940s, however neglected to draw people groups consideration until 1970s, since which voltage shakiness and breakdown had brought about a few significant framework disappointments or power outages all through the world, as recorded underneath [4, 5, 22]: August 22, 1970, Japan, 30 minutes; September 22, 1970, New York, a few hours; September 22, 1977, Jacksonville, Florida, few moments; December 19, 1978, France, 26 minutes; August 4, 1982, Northern Belgium, 4.5 minutes; September 2, November 26, December 28 30, 1982, Florida, 1-3 minutes; May 21, 1983, Northern California, 2 minutes; December 27, 1983, Sweden, 55 seconds; June 11, 1984, Northeastern USA, a few hours; May 17, 1985, South Florida, 4 seconds; April 1986, Winnipeg, Canada Nelson River HVDC joins, 1 second; May 20, 1986, England, 5 minutes; November 1986, SE Brazil, Paraguay, 2 seconds; January 12, 1987, Western France, 6-7 minutes; July 20, 1987, Illinoisand India, a few hours; July 23, 1987, Tokyo Japan, 20 minutes; August 22, 1987, Western Tennessee, 10 seconds; July 2, 1996, Western System Coordination Council (WSCC), Northern USA; August 1996, Malaysia; August 14, 2003, USA Canada; September 28, 2003, Italy. Progress of Study on Voltage Stability The enormous quantities of overall voltage breakdown occurrences caused it to turn into the focal point of universes regard for study voltage strength of intensity framework. During the 1982s investigating rundown of Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in USA, voltage strength was considered as the most huge issue. Throughout the most recent thirty years, and particularly over about the most recent twenty years, utility architects, specialists, and college analysts have seriously contemplated voltage steadiness. Several specialized papers have come about, alongside gatherings, conferences, and courses. Utilities have created handy investigation strategies, and are presently arranging and working force frameworks to forestall voltage flimsiness for valid unsettling influences [6]. Significance of Voltage Stability in Future In a not so distant, the worldwide quickly developing force utilization will require progressively concentrated utilization of accessible transmission offices, which implies an activity of intensity frameworks closer to their voltage solidness limits. The expanded utilization of existing transmission is made conceivable, to some extent, by receptive force pay [6]. Without a doubt, voltage security is and will stay a test in the 21st century, even liable to increment in significance. Along these lines a superior comprehension of voltage solidness in power frameworks is important for power engineers, who may take an interest in the arranging, structuring, and activity of current force frameworks. Theme Definition and Scope The subject of this venture is Static Voltage Stability Analysis in Power Systems, which for the most part centers around the accompanying: Diagram of the marvels of static voltage soundness; Investigation related with the marvels; Reasons why voltage breakdown occurs; Measures to improve static voltage strength. With regards to limitations on the reproduction, a three-generator-nine-transport case is utilized all through the entire venture while an ordinary two-transport (one-generator-one-load) case is utilized for the P-Q-V bend examination. Points and Objectives The fundamental target of this venture is to get a more extensive and more profound comprehension of static voltage steadiness in power frameworks, which can be decreased into sub-goals: To lead an increasingly extensive investigation into the hypothesis of static voltage solidness; To search for reasons why voltage breakdown occurs; To research another methodology for power stream examination: 3-measurement P-Q-V plotting; To propose appropriate proportions of improving static voltage dependability in power frameworks; To close age bearing and burden course for the examined power framework. Part 2 POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY Fundamental Concepts of Voltage Stability IEEE Definitions IEEE [7] gave a proper meaning of voltage soundness and relative ideas as given underneath: Voltage Stability: Voltage dependability is the capacity of a framework to keep up voltage with the goal that when load permission is expanded, loa